| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2023 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 2 | Page : 468-471 |
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A new association of olfactory hypoplasia and limited elevation
Hee Kyung Yang1, Jae Hyoung Kim2, Jeong-Min Hwang1
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
2 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Correspondence Address:
Jeong-Min Hwang
Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166, Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707
Korea
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1380_22
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Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) as a group of neurodevelopmental diseases could present with various combinations of the affected cranial nerves. Olfactory aplasia or hypoplasia has been reported with other cranial nerves affected. Herein, we present an unreported association of olfactory aplasia and limited elevation in two patients who did not have other ocular motor nerve aplasia or hypoplasia on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We present two patients—an 11-month-old boy and a 9-year-old boy who showed limited elevation and were found to have olfactory aplasia. In conclusion, aplasia of the olfactory bulb may be associated with strabismus with some degree of ophthalmoplegia, thus should be carefully examined with various clinical manifestations.
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